report on a research(Point based cadastre)

In an article that appeared in the August 2006 issue of The American Surveyor, Leininger, J., Point to Point: Boundaries by the Numbers, the author wrote about the struggle that surveyors seem to have in reconciling the preference which courts have for evidence of a corner or boundary line if it is marked by an original monument to the definition of that corner or line by co-ordinates: From time to time surveyors argue with me over the use of least squares analysis in boundary retracement. Because the arguments tend to trace similar paths with one another, and because software enabling the practice is widely available, it seemed appropriate to discuss the issue here. …………………. There has been some discussion in the national surveying press about the desirability of "simultaneously" evaluating boundary evidence. Somehow the lure of rigorous mathematical analyses is irresistible to surveyors uncomfortable with the historic methods and reasoning of retracement. Do not be fooled. The fundamental problem with the concept is that the emphasis centers on the mathematical data contained in the former surveys, whereas the courts place the least emphasis on that data. Beyond that, as we have seen, the actual process of weighting the lesser elements is far from a rigorous exercise. Because weighting elements can introduce large shifts in adjusted position, it follows that incorrect weighting would result in inappropriate results. The courts do not care about least squares or simultaneous adjustments or fancy-schmancy computer programs. They merely demand retracement of the boundaries where they have always been. We would do well to remember that. He wasn't the first to consider the problem, nor the last. In 1996 the Alberta Land Surveyors Association struck a committee with the mandate "to investigate the feasibility of changing to a coordinate based cadastre". The committee produced a report, "Coordinate Based Cadastre - Test Project Summary Report, August 2002". The report came to 4 conclusions, the last one being: The committee recommends that the monitoring of coordinates-only test subdivisions not proceed at this time. Other studies have taken place and the literature available spans law journals, to surveyor magazines, to refereed journals. In this assignment you are asked to write a paper that reports on this research and literature, with specific relevance to Ontario. The questions to be answered are: What are the aspects of boundary law in Ontario that stand in the way of a mathematical co-ordinate based cadastre? Explain why you consider these aspects as impediments. What are the potential benefits of a mathematical co-ordinate based cadastre in Ontario? Why? Please do not list or explain benefits that make a land surveyor's job easier, unless it happens to be an aspect that benefits the public interest. What are the characteristics of boundary law in other jurisdictions that do define legal boundaries by co-ordinates? Do these characteristics differ from boundary and survey law in Ontario? Please explain. This is a paper that should be about 1500 words in length and be properly cited with references and sources. Think of it as a paper that you are submitting for publication in a journal. This assignment counts for 20% of your final grade. The deadline for submitting your answers is Saturday, February 1st at midnight. NB: Click on the "Add submission" button to submit the assignment. Please note that re-submission is allowed (via the "Edit my submission" button) but you will need to delete (right-click on the file and then the "Delete" button) the previously uploaded file before you can add the new file.